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The three major temperature scales explained

Celsius (°C) was defined by Anders Celsius in 1742, with 0° as the freezing point of water and 100° as the boiling point (at standard atmospheric pressure). It is the world standard for everyday use and scientific work outside the US. Fahrenheit (°F) was proposed by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1724, originally using body temperature (96°F) and a salt-ice brine mixture as reference points. Today it remains the everyday scale in the United States and a few other countries. Kelvin (K) is the SI base unit for thermodynamic temperature, starting at absolute zero — the theoretical point at which all molecular motion ceases (−273.15°C). Kelvin is used exclusively in physics, chemistry and engineering for thermodynamic calculations where negative temperatures are meaningless.

Temperature reference points everyone should know

Key temperatures in both scales: human body temperature 37°C / 98.6°F; fever threshold 38°C / 100.4°F; room temperature 20–22°C / 68–72°F; water freezes at 0°C / 32°F; water boils at 100°C / 212°F; oven temperatures typically 160–220°C / 320–430°F. Understanding these anchors makes foreign recipes and medical information immediately understandable. Pair with our Unit Converter for all other measurement conversions.